An investigation on the accuracy of a simple measurement method of glomerular filtration rate / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the proper blood collection time and calculation formula by measuring the iohexol plasma clearance as a representative of glomerular filtration rate at the same time of routine enhanced computed tomography (CT) examination.Methods:The prospective study method was applied, and 9 subjects with normal renal function, who admitted in Civil Aviation General Hospital from September 2018 to June 2019, were included. A single bolus of a standard dose (5 ml) (iodine concentration: 350 mgI/ml) was injected. The concentration of iohexol was measured from heparin plasma at fasting state of the subject and at nine different times after the injection, respectively. More than 24 hours after the injection of the standard dose, an enhanced CT-level dose (50 ml) of iohexol was injected to the subject and the concentration of iohexol was measured at similar time points as the standard dose. Using a multi-point method of a standard dose as the standard, the clearance rate was calculated by three kinds of formulas including Groth and Aasted formula, Jacobsson formula and Fleming formula with the single-point method to assess iohexol plasma clearance at 0.5 to 8.0 hours post injection of enhanced CT-level dose. The correlation consistency and accuracy of the multi-point method and the single-point method, as well as the dual-point method and the single-point method were compared, and the proper blood collection time and calculation formula of the single-point method at regular enhanced CT-level dose were evaluated. The correlation between the multi-point method and the single-point method, as well as the dual-point method and the single-point method were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficient; the consistency between the multi-point method and the single-point method, as well as the dual-point method and the single-point method were assessed by bias using mean±standard deviation ( SD) and 95% confidence interval ( CI) of mean difference and so on. We assessed the concordance of GFR using GFR±5% ( P5),±10% ( P10) and 1±30% ( P30) intervals. Results:Compared with the multi-point method, the mean deviation of iohexol plasma clearance obtained by the three single-point methods increased gradually from 5 hours after the injection of iohexol ( P<0.05). Compared with the multi-point method, only 3 h results, which was calculated by the Groth and Aasted formula, reached a P value greater than 0.05, a correlation coefficient of 0.938, a mean deviation of (-5.2±8.8) ml·min -1·1.73 m -2, and the concordances were 100% corresponding to P30,77.8% corresponding to P10, and 66.7% corresponding to P5; the 2, 3 and 4 hours results, which was calculated by the Jacobsson formula, reached P values greater than 0.05, when the blood collection time was 3 hours, the correlation coefficient was 0.938, and the mean deviation was the smallest, which was (1.5±6.2) ml·min -1·1.73 m -2, and the concordances were 100% corresponding to P30, 88.9% corresponding to P10, and 66.7% corresponding to P5; the 2 and 3 hours results, which was calculated by the Fleming formula, reached P values greater than 0.05, when the blood collection time was 2 h, the correlation coefficient was 0.956, and the mean deviation was the smallest, which was (-4.5±8.8) ml·min -1·1.73 m -2, and the concordances were 100% corresponding to P30, 77.8% corresponding to P10, and 55.6% corresponding to P5,Compared with the dual-point method, when Groth or Aasted formula was used, the mean deviation was the smallest at 3 hours, which was (-5.3±5.7) ml·min -1·1.73 m -2; when Jacobsson formula was used, the mean deviation was the smallest at 2 hours, which was (1.6±1.6) ml·min -1·1.73 m -2; when Fleming formula was used, and the mean deviation was the smallest at 2 hours, which was (-4.6±4.0) ml·min -1·1.73 m -2. Conclusion:At a regular enhanced CT-level dose, one blood collection can accurately measure the glomerular filtration rate, the proper time for blood collection can be 3 hours after iohexol injection, and the appropriate calculation formula can be Jacobsson formula.

A prospective observational study on adverse drug reactions of iohexol contrast media in computed tomography imaging studies

Background: Iohexol is widely used radiocontrast media in the radiology departments for the diagnostic imaging purpose. As very few studies are carried out focusing on safety profiles of this contrast media. This study was conducted to know the profile of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) induced by Iohexol in patients who are undergoing the contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) examination.Methods: Total 106 patients from CT unit of radiology department were observed for adverse drug reactions from Iohexol contrast media in 2 months duration. Acute ADRs were recorded immediately after contrast media administration by observation and personal interviews and delayed ADRs are recorded by follow up after 24hrs.Results: Total 23 out of 106 patients who had undergone CT imaging investigations by Iohexol contrast media had developed ADRs. Total 29 ADRs were developed in 23 patients. Out of these, 22 ADRs were acute and 7 ADRs were delayed reactions. All acute ADRs were of “probable” category and all delayed ADRs were of “possible” category according to WHO-UMC and Naranjo’s causality assessment scales. All ADRs were at Level-1 according to Modified Hartwig and Siegel severity scale. Preventability assessment of ADRs using Modified Schumock and Thornton preventability scale showed that all the ADRs were of “not preventable” class. All 29 ADRs were of TYPE U (Unclassified) as per the Wills and Brown method.Conclusions: All reactions are physiologic and are mild in nature. No life-threatening reactions are observed during the entire study period. Development of ADRs in female patients seen higher than male patients. So, this population requires a special attention for any serious contrast media reactions.

Hemodynamic effects of contrast media and its adverse effects in Western Rajasthan: an observational study

Background: This study was aimed to investigate the hemodynamic effects of CT scan contrast media on pulse rate and blood pressure as well as identify the possible adverse drug reactions occurring after administration of contrast media.Methods: Information of patients such as age, sex, diagnosis, prescribed body part for CT scan, amount of contrast media and route of administration of contrast media were collected. Pulse and blood pressure were measured three times, before administration of iohexol or diatrizoate sodium; after 5 min and 1 hr administration of iohexol; after 1 hr and 2 hr starting of administration of diatrizoate sodium. ADR occurring after contrast media administration were observed.Results: Before Iohexol administration, SBP was 126.85±18.47 mmHg, which increased by 129.92±20.51 and 128.24±19.89 mmHg after 5 min. and 1 hr respectively after administration. Whereas before iohexol administration, DBP was 81.28±11.5 mm Hg, which was decreased by 80.58±13.03 and 78.90±13.15 mmHg after administration. The p-value for PR, pre-iohexol vs 1 hr post-iohexol was highly significant. Before Diatrizoate Sodium administration, SBP was 128.84±17.64 mmHg, that was decreased with 126.23±17.92 and 124.15±17.04 mmHg after administration. On the other hand, DBP was 81±11.99 mmHg which was decreased with 80.23±11.07 and 79.84±11.31 mmHg by Diatrizoate Sodium administration. P-value for SBP, DBP, and PR in various comparison of diatrizoate sodium administration was insignificant as well as total 18 ADRs were recorded post diatrizoate sodium and iohexol administration.Conclusions: Present study result demonstrates PR was significantly increased by administration of iohexol but not that much due to Diatrizoate Sodium especially after the 1 hr of iohexol administration. Although DBP decreased by both drugs, on the other hand, SBP increased by iohexol and decreased by Diatrizoate Sodium administration which was clinically insignificant. Although headache and giddiness were most common ADRs by both drugs.

Measurements of glomerular filtration rate with iohexol plasma clearance: method selection and evaluation / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To compare the consistency between single-(I-GFR-SS) and dual-(I-GFR-DS) sample methods with three-sample method (I-GFR-TS) of iohexol plasma clearance in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients for choosing the optimizing project of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurement.Methods The multiple-sample methods were performed in 174 patients with CKD admitted to the Department of Nephrology,Shanghai Ruijin Hospital from August 2017 to July 2018.Plasma concentrations of iohexol were measured three times at different time points after receiving 5 ml iohexol (300 g/L) intravenous injection,according to estimated GFR (eGFR) grouping.The first blood sample was collected at 2 hours,and the time for the last sample was delayed from 4 hours to 6 hours with reduction of eGFR.The synchronized Gates (99mTc-Gates-GFR) method was detected as control.With I-GFR-TS as the golden standard,the accuracies of I-GFR-DS,I-GFR-SS and 99mTc-Gates-GFR were compared.Results The median differences of I-GFR-DS,I-GFR-SS and 99mTc-Gates-GFR in overall patients were-0.15,-1.00,6.76 ml· min-1· (1.73 m2)-1 comparing with I-GFR-TS;P10(percentage of the GFRmeasurements that was within 10％ of the standard method) were 95.4％,74.1％,28.7％,and P30 were 100％,93.7％,72.4％ separately.In the patients with eGFR ＜ 30 ml· min-1· (1.73 m2)-1,I-GFR-SS was more accurate when last point collecting extended to 6 h from 4 h [P10:43.5％ vs 17.4％,P=0.055;P30:73.9％ vs 43.5％,P＜0.05].Conclusions The dual-sample plasma clearance of iohexol is recommended in clinical practice,and the single-sample method can be a secondary option because of its slightly poor accuracy but more convenient.Sample-collection protocol should be adjusted according to eGFR especially in moderate-to-severe CKD patients.The Gates method is not recommended.

Determination of iohexol by capillary blood microsampling and UHPLC-MS/MS / 药物分析学报

One of the most important tools used to evaluate kidney function in the context of chronic kidney disease or other renal function related pathologies is the exploration of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Iohexol is up to this moment a good candidate molecule for the GFR assessment since it exhibits minimum protein binding rates and minimum extra-renal clearance, being neither secreted nor reabsorbed at the tubular level. This study proposes and evaluates a new LC-MS/MS method for the iohexol determination from capillary blood, prelevated using volumetric absorbative microsampling (VAMS) systems. As an alter-native to VAMS, a brand new HemaPEN? device for micro-prelevation was also tested. A new high throughput sample preparation protocol adapted for iohexol quantification from whole blood VAMS samples was developed. The medium term stability study of iohexol in dried whole blood VAMS samples that was conducted showed a good stability of this molecule for up to 12 days. By collecting only 10 mL of blood, iohexol can be analyzed from dried whole blood VAMS samples for concentration ranges between 1 and 250 mg/mL. Due to the analyte stability in VAMS for up to 12 days, this approach might be suc-cessfully applied for GFR assessment for clinical cases allowing minimum invasiveness and even delayed analysis.

Rapid Determination of Iohexol Injection by a Refractive Index Method / 中国药师

Objective:To develop a stoichiometric relationship between iohexol injection and its refractive index. Methods: Ru-dolph J257 and Mettler Toledo RE40D were adopted to determine the refractive index of iohexol injection produced by different facto-ries. The relationship between the refractive index and the concentration of iohexol determined by potentiometric titration was described as C=2.828R-3.769. Results:The relative deviation of simulated content calculated by the stoichiometric and titration content was less than 2%. Little contribution by excipients could be ignored. Conclusion:The proposed method shows simplicity,rapidity and ac-curacy,which can be applied in the process control and the market supervision of iohexol.

The combination of percutaneous iohexol-ethanol injection with radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of primary liver cancer in high-risk locations / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To investigate the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with percutaneous iohexol-ethanol injection (PIEI), compared with RFA plus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for patients with primary liver cancer(PLC)in high-risk locations.@*Methods@#From January 2012 to December 2014, 54 patients with PLC in high-risk locations were enrolled. They were divided into Group A (RFA combined with PIEI) and Group B (RFA plus TACE). The efficacy and adverse events were assessed.@*Results@#54 patients had 74 lesions in high-risk locations. There were 26 cases with 40 lesions in Group A, and 28 cases with 34 lesions in Group B. The complete ablation rate of Group A was significantly higher than that of Group B (92.5% vs 70.6%, P=0.014). The two-year local tumor progressionrateand two-year overall survival rate were similar between these two groups (Group A 20.0% vs Group B 38.2%, P=0.083; 90.3% vs 84.3%, P=0.523). Furthermore, the surgery-related severe adverse events of Group A (7.1%, one case of liver abscess and one case ofhematobilia) were more common than that of Group B (0%, P=0.491). No significant differences were found in common adverse events including fever, pain, elevation of aminotransferase and bilirubin.@*Conclusions@#Compared with RFA plus TACE, RFA plus PIEI resulted inbetter complete ablation rate in patients with primary liver cancer in high risk locations. Prospective, randomized, controlled trials are warranted for further evaluation.

The application of iohexol CT cisternography in the detection of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To explore how to improve the sensitivity and specificity of CT cisternography (CTC) examination.Methods The clinical data of 20 cases of CTC in detecting cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea were analyzed,and the influence of continuous dripping of fluid and the filling time of subarachnoid space upon the image quality were observed.Results Nineteen cases of active cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea were found with CTC,and the fistula sites were determined by CTC.Eighteen cases received operation which confirmed the fistula sites.One case was found with no active fistula site.According to the image of ethmoid sinus leaks results,7 cases had better image quality in 9 cases whose subarachnoid space filling time was longer than or equal to 10 min.One case had better image quality in 6 cases whose subarachnoid space filling time was shorter than 10 min.There was significant difference (P =0.0406).Conclusion To raise the positive rate of CTC,the position of active fistula should be maintained and keep the time between the injection and scan longer than or equal to 10 min,which help to get better image quality.

Application of Iohexol Used in Enhanced CT Scanning / 医药导报

Objective To investigate the application of iohexol in enhanced CT scanning. Methods The total of 623 patients taking iohexol for enhanced CT scanning were sampled to record relevant data for reference. According to evaluation standards for rational use of contrast media,the risk factors,selection of contrast media,medication time,usage and dosage,and drug combination were analyzed statistically. Results Among 623 patients used iohexo for enhanced CT scanning,302 patients had the risk factors of adverse reaction(the incidence rate as 48.48%) and 115 patients received psychological intervention(the incidence rate as 18.46%).And 206 patients had been given with the reasonable fluid therapy before and after angiography(the incidence rate as 33.07%),there were only 124 patients who performed the renal function and urine routine examination 48-72 h before and after angiography(the incidence rate as 19.90%).And 33 patients occured allergic reaction with the incidence rate as 5.30%. Conclusion There existed irrational phenomenon in application of diodone in enhanced CT scanning.It is necessary to further standardize the clinical application of diodone and make complete measures for rational use of diodone.

Three cases of Iohexol induced seizures in paediatric patients undergoing CECT head and the role of pharmacovigilance.

In the modern era, the highly specific radiological investigation are on an increase and most of them mandates the use of contrast agents. These contrast agents are not free of adverse reactions and some of them are even potentially life threatening. Strictly implementing Knowledge, Awareness and Practice (KAP) in the institution. Contributing knowledge to the medical literature about the incidence of Iohexol induced seizure, which might be on an increase on the global level. Awareness by means of Pharmacovigilance Programme (PvP) to ensure the safety of the patient. Within the short period of three days, three cases of contrast induced seizures were reported by the Department of Paediatric and were treated accordingly. The Department of Pharmacology, expedited all the three cases to the National Co-ordinating Centre, Ghaziabad, India by entering the data into Vigiflow and also directed the chief pharmacist of the drug store to immediately stop the use of Iohexol with same batch number to prevent further risk.

Taurine attenuates cytotoxicity induced by iohexol in human renal tubular epithelial cells / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of taurine on the cytotoxicity of iohexol on HK-2 cells. Methods HK-2 cells were exposed to iohexol at different dosage (25, 50, 100, 125 gI/L) for 6 h and at the dose of 100 gl/L for different time(2 h, 4 h, 6 h). Then taurine (3,12,24 mmol/L) was coincubated with iohexol (100 gI/L) for 6 h.Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by Hoechest 33342 flurescence stains,flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI double stains and caspase-3 activity by colorimetric assay. Bcl-2 and Bax expression were examined by Western blot. Intracellular ROS was detected by flow cytometry with fluorescent probe DCFH-DA. Results Iohexol decreased HK-2 cell viability and induced apoptosis in concentration-dependant and time-dependant manner (all P＜0.05). ROS was increased following iohexol (100 gI/L for 6 h) treatment (P＜0.05). Taurine increased cell viability and attenuated apoptosis in dose-dependant manner. The cell viability levels in taurine intervention (3,12,24 mmol/L) group were significantly increased compared with that in iohexol treated group respectively [(88.00±1.00)%, (91.33±0.58)%, (95.67±1.52) % vs (76.67±1.53)%, all P＜0.05]. Apoptosis rate by flow cytometry were decreased respectively [(8.84±1.75)%,(7.86±1.82)%, (6.30±1.50)% vs (11.98±0.39)%, all P＜0.05]. Caspase-3 activities were decreased respectively [(1.33±0.10), (1.27±0.06), (1.10±0.04) vs (1.42±0.13), all P＜0.05].Taurine up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2, and decreased the intracellular ROS (all P＜0.05).Conclusions Iohexol induces cell apoptosis and oxidative stress. Taurine attenuates direct cytotoxic effect induced by iohexol. The anti-oxidative stress effect and up-regulated Bcl-2 expression may partly account for the protection of taurine.

Effect of iohexol on the renal function in the old patients undergoing coronary intervention / 中国基层医药

Objective To discuss the effect of iohexol on the renal function in the old patients undergoing coronary angiography and/or percutaneous coronary imervention(PCI).Methods The changes of plasm Cr,BUN before and after coronary angiography and/or PCI of the 60 old patients with the indicatmns of coronary angiography were compared and analyzed.Results The plasm Cr,BUN in 60 cases were fluctuated,but were not significantly changed(P＞0.05).Conclusion Iohexol has little effect on the renal function in the old patients undergoing coronary angiography and/or percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).

Avaliação do ritmo de filtração glomerular / Assessment of glomerular filtration rate

A medida do ritmo de filtração glomerular (RFG) é a prova laboratorial mais utilizada na avaliação da função renal. Para tanto, usam-se marcadores indiretos, como as determinações de creatinina e cistatina C no sangue, ou procede-se à determinação do RFG propriamente dito, com indicadores como inulina; contrastes iodados, marcados ou não; e outras substâncias. O exame mais solicitado para avaliação do RFG no laboratório de patologia clínica é a dosagem da creatinina sérica. Em algumas condições, entretanto, o resultado encontrado da creatinina sérica deve ser corrigido (através da utilização de fórmulas que levam em consideração características próprias do indivíduo) para ser devidamente interpretado. De fato, a inulina ainda é vista como marcador ideal de filtração glomerular, mas seu uso não se destina à prática clínica, de modo que ainda hoje persiste a busca por testes adequados para uso rotineiro.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) determination is the most frequently used laboratorial test to evaluate renal function. Indirect markers as blood determination of creatinine and cystatin C are used with this purpose, as well as the direct determination of GFR, with indicators like inulin; iodated contrasts, radioactive or not; and others. Serum creatinine is the test that is most commonly performed in order to evaluate GFR in the clinical pathology laboratory. However, in some conditions, aiming at the adequate interpretation of the test, the result of serum creatinine must be corrected (by using formulas that include individual characteristics of the subjects). In fact, inulin is still seen as the ideal marker of glomerular filtration, but its use is not directed to clinical practice; then the search for appropriate tests for routine use continues.

Comparison of iodized oil with soluble iodized agents in hysterosalpingography and the evaluation of modified hysterosalpingography / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the iodized oil,diatrizoate and non-ionic iohexol used as contrast media in performing hysterosalpingography and to evaluate the modified hysterosalpingography in clinical practice.Methods Patients who were scheduled to receive hysterosalpingography were randomly selected and divided into three conventional groups:iodized oil group,diatrizoate group and iohexol group,with 100 cases in each group.Another 100 cases(modified group) were examined with modified hysterosalpingographic technique by using iohexol as contrast medium.During the procedure and after the hysterosalpingography all the patients were carefully observed.The image quality,the fallopian tube patent rate,the incidence of abdominal pain,clinical safety,etc.were documented and the results were compared among groups.The advantages of modified hysterosalpingographic technique were analyzed.Results No significant difference in image quality and the fallopian tube patent rate existed among the three conventional groups.The occurrence of abdominal pain in iohexol group was significantly lower than that in both iodized oil group and diatrizoate group(?2 = 10.54,P

Radiographic and computed tomographic evaluation of experimentally induced lung aspiration sites in dogs

This study was performed to radiographically examine the prevalence of aspiration sites and to evaluate their atomical correlation with the bronchial pattens. Ten healthy beagle dogs were repeatedly radiographed, at weekly intervals, in the left and right lateral, ventrodorsal (VD) and dorsoventral (DV) positions. Three mililiters of iohexol distilled with same volume of saline was infused into the tracheal inlet. Which lung lobe was aspirated was decided upon by the presence of a significant alveolar pattern due to the contrast medium. Alveolar patterns were identified at the left (100%) and right cranial lung lobes (77%) with the dogs in dependant lateral recumbency, at the right caudal lung lobe (71%) with the dogs in VD recumbency and at the right middle lung lobe (59%) with the dogs in DV recumbency, respectively. The anatomical correlation was evaluated by performing computed tomography. The right principal bronchus (165.8 +/- 1.6 degrees) was more straightly bifurcated than was the left principal bronchus (142.7 +/- 1.8 degrees, p < 0.01). In VD position, the right side lung had a greater opertunity to become aspirated. The ventrally positioned right middle lobar bronchial origin was more easily to be aspirated the other laterally positioned ones. We think that these anatomical characteristics can be one of the causes for aspiration pneumonia to occur more frequently in the right side lung.

Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure following Myelography with Iohexol (Omnipaque.): A Case Report / 대한정형외과학회잡지

We encountered a patient who had a rare occurrence of a seizure after lumbar myelography from the beginning of this untoward side effect. Clinical trials with iohexol in myelography have demonstrated a good tolerability of this water-soluble contrast medium. However, there have been a few reports that have shown acute adverse reactions such as headaches, vomiting, psychosis, confusion and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Despite the reports on the safety of iohexol use, it may cause a generalized seizure attack without an epileptogenic history. Therefore, thorough attention and the preparation for emergency treatments for the seizure are essential in every myelography using iohexol as a contrast medium. Moreover, in order to avoid unwanted legal problems, the patients and their family need to be informed of the necessity and possible side effects associated with myelography.

Estimation of GFR Using Iohexol Plasma Clearance in Korean without Renal Disease / 대한신장학회잡지

BACKGROUND: Plasma clearance of iohexol (Omnipaque(r)) which used widely in radiologic procedure is considered as useful method for estimation of GFR because iohexol is neither reabsorbed nor secreted from tubule after filtered as inulin and its extrarenal clearance is negligible. Plasma clearance of iohexol can be calculated from two compartment model or one compartment model with Brochner-Mortensen (B-M) modification which convenient and reliable. But there were controversies about sufficient sampling numbers and times for B-M modification of iohexol clearance. METHODS: Nineteen healthy Korean without renal disease underwent measurement of iohexol clearance. Iohexol was given as a single iv dose, and 14 blood sample were drawn up to 300 min. A reference GFR was iohexol clearance calculated from two-compartment model using 14 samples (CL-T). From 8, 3 and 2 samples clearances were calculated by B-M modification (CL-M8, 3 and 2 respectively). The accuracy of estimates was evaluated as percent of estimates falling within 10% above or below the reference GFR. Accuracy of CCr and equations for GFR estimation were also compared. RESULTS: CL-T, CL-M8, CL-M3 and CL-M2 were not different (101.9+/-24.0, 101.9+/-18.7, 101.7+/-18.6, 101.9+/-19.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 respectively). Accuracy of CL-M8, 3 and 2 were not different (74%, 84% and 79% respectively, p>0.05). MDRD equation had higher accuracy (47%) compared with other equations. CONCIUSION: These results indicate that sampling number for measuring iohexol plasma clearance using simplified method might be reduced to only two without accuracy loss in Korean without renal disease.

Encephalopathy with Status Epilepticus after Iohexol Cervical Myelography

Iohexol has been widely used in extensive clinical evaluation of spinal problem. We report a 46-year-old man with generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus which began with spreading myoclonus after iohexol injection for cervical myelography. The status epilepticus which started with spreading myoclonus followed by encephalopaty has controlled 8 hours after the initiation of treatment. The encephalopathy improved completely 8 days after treatment with glucocorticoids and anticonvulsant.

Contrast Test of Injection Indisposition between Disome and Monomer Diagnostic Opaque in Femoral Arteriogram / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To compare the safety and efficiency of non -ionic monomer diagnostic opaque, iodixanol (Visipaque) and that of non -ionic disomer diagnostic opaque, iohexol (Omnipaque). Methods By comparing retrospectively the DSA opacification of 60 patients from 2006 to 2007, patients′ indispositions, adverse reactions and pictorial efficiency were recorded respectively. Results In the control group, iodixanol showed less indisposition caused by injection than iohexol and there′ s no obvious difference of indisposition. Both images met diagnostic requirements. Conclusion Both iodixanol and iohexol are safe, efficient and well -tolerant diagnostic opaque. Iodixanol is better than iohexol in indisposition caused by injection.

Clearance of iohexol--a new method to determine GFR / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To investigate the feasibility whether clearance of iohexol can be a reliable, sensitive and safe method for the determination of GFR. Methods The GFR of 19 patients with different renal functions were examined using clearance of 99m Tc-DTPA and clearance of iohexol. Then the correlation of them was analyzed. Serum and urinary iohexol was determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis. Results, These two methods were significantly correlated (r = 0. 98). Conclusion Clearance of iohexol is a safe, comfident, no-radioactivity method for the clinical practice of GFR determination.